{"id":328,"date":"2024-12-31T12:28:17","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T12:28:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/?p=328"},"modified":"2025-01-04T20:12:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T20:12:03","slug":"hasat-sonrasi-meyve-ve-sebzelerin-tedarik-zinciri-boyunca-kayip-ve-atiklarin-azaltilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/31\/hasat-sonrasi-meyve-ve-sebzelerin-tedarik-zinciri-boyunca-kayip-ve-atiklarin-azaltilmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hasat Sonras\u0131 Meyve ve Sebzelerin Tedarik Zinciri Boyunca Kay\u0131p ve At\u0131klar\u0131n Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 98\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><strong>Prof. Dr. Pervin KINAY TEKSU\u0308R<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Verdana, BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Ege U\u0308niversitesi Ziraat Faku\u0308ltesi Bitki Koruma Bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\"><span class=\"s4\">Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO), D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda her y\u0131l \u00fcretilen t\u00fcm g\u0131dan\u0131n %13,2&#8217;sinin kayboldu\u011funu ve %17&#8217;sinin israf edildi\u011fini bildirmektedir. G\u0131da kayb\u0131 ve israf\u0131 (GKA), su ve toprak kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini, enerji t\u00fcketimini, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 (GHG) ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 olumsuz etkilemektedir. Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkeler \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle demografik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkileri gibi farkl\u0131 sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r (COST CA22134 nolu proje).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\"><span class=\"s4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-779 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-280x420.jpg 280w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-696x1044.jpg 696w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-1068x1602.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/vertical-closeup-shot-triticale-plants-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>Funguslar ve fungus benzeri mikroorganizmalar, bitkilerde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara ve \u00f6nemli ekonomik \u00fcr\u00fcn kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca patojenlerdir. Hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar ve bozukluklar, \u00fclkelere ve i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinde kullan\u0131lan teknolojilere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak taze meyve ve sebzelerde \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi ve miktar\u0131nda %25-50 oran\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hasattan t\u00fcketiciye farkl\u0131 kanallardan ula\u015fana kadar bir\u00e7ok biyolojik, patolojik, fizyolojik, mekanik fakt\u00f6r \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bozulmaya yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Uygunsuz hasat ve hasat sonras\u0131 i\u015fleme, ta\u015f\u0131ma, paketleme ve depolama, depolama s\u00fcresini, pazarlama kabul edilebilirli\u011fini etkilemekte ve meyve ve sebzelerde \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plara neden olmaktad\u0131r (FAO, 2011; Nunes, 2012; Usall vd., 2016; Spadaro ve Droby, 2016). <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\"><span class=\"s4\">Bir\u00e7ok fak\u00fcltatif parazit ve saprofit mantar patojeni taze meyve ve sebzelerde bozulmalara neden olmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Botrytis, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Gloeosporium, Mucor, Monilinia, Penicillium ve Rhizopus<\/span><span class=\"s4\">, taze \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde hasat sonras\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmelerden sorumlu olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca fungus cinsleridir (Snowdon, 1995, Barkai-Golan, 2001). Funguslardan (k\u00fcfler) baz\u0131lar\u0131 bitkilerde hastal\u0131k olu\u015fturma yan\u0131nda, \u00fcrettikleri toksin<\/span> <span class=\"s4\">denilen sekonder metabolitler nedeniyle de bir tehlike unsuru olabilmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde mikotoksinler (Miko=fungus, toksin=zehir) ise; funguslar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan, s\u0131cakkanl\u0131larda toksik (zehirli) etki g\u00f6steren sekonder metabolitlerdir. \u00d6zellikle <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Aspergillus<\/span><span class=\"s4\">t\u00fcrlerinin neden oldu\u011fu mikotoksinlerden Aflatoksin ve Okratoksin-A en \u00e7ok bilinen mikotoksinlerdir. Bu metabolitlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, belirlenen \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde birikebilir ve insanlara ve hayvanlara zararl\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-777 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-681x1024.jpg 681w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-768x1154.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-1022x1536.jpg 1022w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-1363x2048.jpg 1363w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-279x420.jpg 279w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-696x1046.jpg 696w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-1068x1605.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-1920x2886.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/unrecognizable-woman-picking-orange-fruit-garden-scaled.jpg 1703w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\">Turun\u00e7giller, kiraz, muz ve elma gibi baz\u0131 meyvelerdeki hasat sonras\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeleri kontrol etmek i\u00e7in paketleme tesislerinde sentetik fungisitler yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Fungisitlerin yo\u011fun ve s\u00fcrekli kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; fungisit direnci, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki zararl\u0131 etkiler. \u00d6zellikle son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede artan oranda bir t\u00fcketici kitlesi, t\u00fcketilen besinlerin halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir risk ta\u015f\u0131mamas\u0131 konusunda, daha duyarl\u0131 davranmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hasat sonras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar ve yine \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fck patojeni funguslar\u0131n kullan\u0131lan sentetik fungisitlere kar\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zla diren\u00e7 kazanmalar\u0131 (Eckert, 1990; \u00d6zbek ve Delen, 1995; Kinay et al., 2007; Kinay, 2023) nedeniyle, kimyasal sava\u015f\u0131ma alternatif olabilecek y\u00f6ntemlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi konusunda yo\u011fun aray\u0131\u015flara girilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\">Hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan sentetik fungisitlere alternatif olabilecek y\u00f6ntemlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir e\u011filim ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En az\u0131ndan, daha az kimyasal\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerini entegre eden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde girilmi\u015ftir. Geli\u015ftirilen alternatif uygulamalar\u0131n hasat sonras\u0131 teknolojisinde yerini almas\u0131, hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131k y\u00f6netiminde daha fazla entegrasyonu zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-780 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-315x420.jpg 315w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-696x928.jpg 696w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-1068x1424.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/side-view-woman-holding-some-tomatoes-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>Hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n biyolojik kontrolu konusu, yeni ve \u00f6nemli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bakteriler, mayalar ve di\u011fer ipliksi funguslar genellikle meyve ve sebzelerin y\u00fczeyinde bulunur. Bitki y\u00fczeyinde do\u011fal mikrobiyal antagonistlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131, kimyasal fungisitlere k\u0131yasla \u00e7evre dostu, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve geli\u015ftirilebilir bir kontrol \u00f6nlemidir. Biyolojik kontrol, bu etkile\u015fimlerin \u00e7ok iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla mikroorganizmalar aras\u0131ndaki bu ili\u015fkilerin insan yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla bir avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bitki y\u00fczeyinde do\u011fal mikrobiyal antagonistlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131, kimyasal fungisitlere k\u0131yasla \u00e7evre dostu, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve geli\u015ftirilebilir bir kontrol \u00f6nlemidir. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\">Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan, bir\u00e7ok antagonistik maya t\u00fcr\u00fc tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n yar\u0131 ticari ve ticari testleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 meyve ve sebzelerin hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Droby vd., 2016). \u00c7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 antagonistik maya izolatlar\u0131 raporlanm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar ayr\u0131ca b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli ticari pilot paketleme tesislerinde test edilmi\u015ftir (Droby vd., 1993; Hofstein vd., 1994; Usall vd., 2001; Long vd., 2006). Bir\u00e7ok antagonist tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve farkl\u0131 meyve ve sebzelerin hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00fczere ticari \u00fcr\u00fcnler olarak tescil edilmi\u015ftir. Hasat \u00f6ncesi a\u015famada yumu\u015fak \u00e7ekirdekli meyvelerde <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Aureobasidium pullulans<\/span><span class=\"s4\"> (Boniprotect, AB); yumu\u015fak \u00e7ekirdekli meyvelerde <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Candida oleophila<\/span><span class=\"s4\"> (Nexy, Bel\u00e7ika, AB); turun\u00e7giller ve yumu\u015fak \u00e7ekirdekli meyvelerde <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Candida oleophila<\/span><span class=\"s4\"> (Aspire, ABD); yumu\u015fak \u00e7ekirdekli meyvelerde <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Candida sake<\/span><span class=\"s4\"> (Candifruit, \u0130spanya); Yumu\u015fak \u00e7ekirdekli meyvelerde <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Cryptococcus albidus<\/span><span class=\"s4\">(Yield plus, G\u00fcney Afrika); sofral\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm, \u00e7ilek ve tatl\u0131 patateste <\/span><span class=\"s8\">Metschnikowia fructicola<\/span><span class=\"s4\">(Shemer, Hollanda) antagonistik mayalard\u0131r ve hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in biyofungisit olarak ticari olarak temin edilebilirler (Spadaro ve Droby, 2016). <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-781 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-315x420.jpg 315w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-696x928.jpg 696w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-1068x1424.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/leafy-vegetables-are-growing-indoor-farm-vertical-farm-vertical-farm-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>Kamuoyunda en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun sentetik pestisitlerin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki etkileridir. Bu nedenle biyopestisitler son yirmi y\u0131lda sentetik kimyasallara alternatif olarak \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada hem hasat \u00f6ncesi hem de hasat sonras\u0131 a\u015famalarda biyolojik kontroldeki bu geli\u015fmeler, en \u00f6nemli pestisit \u015firketlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck biyopestisit \u015firketleriyle birle\u015fmeye itmi\u015ftir. Yak\u0131n gelecekte biyopestisit pazar\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyecek ve k\u00fcresel pazarlarda yerini alacakt\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s11\"><span class=\"s10\">Alternatif y\u00f6ntemler aras\u0131nda fiziksel uygulamalar \u00f6nemli yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde, baz\u0131 fiziksel ve biyolojik elisit\u00f6rler kullanarak, konuk\u00e7u dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131lmakta ve b\u00f6ylece \u00fcr\u00fcnler hastal\u0131ktan korunabilmektedir. Bu elisit\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, yaralama, gamma radyasyonu, UV-C \u00a0\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, antagonistler, virulensi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131rklar ve do\u011fal bile\u015fikler say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Wilson ve ark., 1994).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s11\"><span class=\"s10\">S\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 taze \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin hasat sonras\u0131 fizyolojik ve patolojik kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmada, sonu\u00e7ta \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn depo ve raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmada, kimyasal olmayan uygulamalar i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir (Lurie, 1998). Bu y\u00f6ntem, hasat sonras\u0131 teknolojide umut verici uygulamalar aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r (Couey, 1989, Barkai-Golan ve Phillips, 1991; Klein ve ark., 1997). Hasat sonras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, fungal organizma \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etki yaparak, patojen geli\u015fimini engellemektedirler. Hasat edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlere, s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde yap\u0131labilmektedir. Bunlardan bir tanesi, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131cak suya dald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00fcr\u00fcne s\u0131cak suyun p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi bi\u00e7iminde olmakta ve daha \u00e7ok fungal patojenlere kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131, s\u0131cak hava ve s\u0131cak buhar bi\u00e7iminde de yap\u0131labilmektedir (Lurie, 1998). Sodyum karbonat, sodyum bikarbonat gibi, baz\u0131 tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri kullan\u0131larak, turun\u00e7gillerde ye\u015fil k\u00fcf \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131yla kontrol edildi\u011fi bilinmektedir (Smilanick ve ark., 1997, 1999; Palou, 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-782 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-280x420.jpg 280w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-696x1044.jpg 696w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-1068x1602.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/woman-harvesting-vegetables-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>Hasat sonras\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tarla ve bah\u00e7eden ba\u015flayarak bitki koruma i\u015flemlerinin do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hasat sonras\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan korunman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda mekanik yaralar a\u00e7\u0131lmadan en h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131larak depolama veya paketleme evlerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnde yeni infeksiyonlar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu azaltacakt\u0131r. So\u011fuk zincir, termal ve so\u011futulmu\u015f paketleme y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kalitesini korumak ve raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in lojistik planlama yoluyla, kolay bozulabilir \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin t\u00fcketim noktas\u0131na kadar ideal ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Taze meyve ve sebzelerin raf \u00f6mr\u00fc ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 saatten birka\u00e7 haftaya kadar de\u011fi\u015fir. Ya\u015f meyve ve sebzeler canl\u0131 organizmalard\u0131r, hasattan sonra dahi fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal aktivitelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Paketleme, g\u0131da israf\u0131n\u0131 azaltmada t\u00fcm zincirin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle taze \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmada ve hasat sonras\u0131 a\u015famalarda taze \u00fcr\u00fcnleri korumada kritik bir rol oynar. Taze meyve ve sebzelerin paketlenmesi, g\u0131dalar\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcre taze tutmak i\u00e7in daha iyi ve daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 paketleme tasar\u0131m\u0131yla g\u0131da kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Bu hedefe y\u00f6nelik olarak, g\u0131da kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in uygun paketleme sistemleri tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-783\" src=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-630x420.jpg 630w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-1068x712.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pile-fresh-fruits-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"s9\"><span class=\"s4\">Bu konularla ilgili olarak Avrupa birli\u011fi ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin i\u015f birli\u011finde pek \u00e7ok proje y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir (<\/span><span class=\"s12\">StopMedWaste<\/span><span class=\"s4\">-PRIMA, 2020-2024, Extending the shelf life of perishable fresh fruit, vegetables, and aromatic plants; <\/span><span class=\"s12\">FoodWaStop<\/span><span class=\"s4\"> COST CA22134, 2023-2027, Sustainable Network for agrofood loss and waste prevention, management, quantification and valorisation). Bu projelerden elde edilen verilerin, \u00fcreticiden ba\u015flayarak hasat sonras\u0131 i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirenler ve marketlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara kadar t\u00fcm zincirin halkalar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bilgilendirme toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prof. Dr. Pervin KINAY TEKSU\u0308R Ege U\u0308niversitesi Ziraat Faku\u0308ltesi Bitki Koruma Bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO), D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda her y\u0131l \u00fcretilen t\u00fcm g\u0131dan\u0131n %13,2&#8217;sinin kayboldu\u011funu ve %17&#8217;sinin israf edildi\u011fini bildirmektedir. G\u0131da kayb\u0131 ve israf\u0131 (GKA), su ve toprak kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini, enerji t\u00fcketimini, sera gaz\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[99,32],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[91],"class_list":["post-328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-4-sayi","category-bilimsel"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"authors":[{"term_id":91,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"prof-dr-pervin-kinay-teksur","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Pervin KINAY TEKS\u00dcR","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/WhatsApp-Go\u0308rsel-2024-12-02-saat-18.13.35_95507b84.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/WhatsApp-Go\u0308rsel-2024-12-02-saat-18.13.35_95507b84.jpg"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=328"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":784,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions\/784"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/freshturkiyemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}